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1. |||||||||. 100%  von Majewsky I, Simm R: [Use of the Helkimo Index as screening of dysfunctions of the stomatognathic system]. Stomatol DDR; 1989 Sep;39(9):629-33

  • [Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  • [Title] [Use of the Helkimo Index as screening of dysfunctions of the stomatognathic system].
  • [Transliterated title] Zum Einsatz des Helkimo-Index als "Screening"- Verfahren bei Dysfunktionen im stomatognathen System.
  • The Helkimo index was used on 130 subjects to identify dysfunctions of the stomatognathic system.

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  • [ISSN] 0302-4725
  • [Journal-full-title] Stomatologie der DDR
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Stomatol DDR
  • [Language] ger
  • [Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] GERMANY, EAST
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2. |||||||||. 94%  Härtel J, Hellmuth M, Hellmuth KO: [The Helkimo index for assessing treatment results after mandibular fractures]. Dtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir; 1991 Jul-Aug;15(4):292-6

  • [Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  • [Title] [The Helkimo index for assessing treatment results after mandibular fractures].
  • [Transliterated title] Der Helkimo-Index als Beurteilungsmöglichkeit der Behandlungsergebnisse von Unterkieferfrakturen.
  • Based on the Helkimo index we assessed the success of conservative and conservative-surgical forms of treatment for mandibular fractures in a total of 166 patients.
  • The Helkimo dysfunction index, which is based on various criteria, showed dysfunction in 81.9% of the patients with only slight functional impairment in 57.2% of these cases.
  • Based on the Helkimo occlusion index disorder were noted in 91.7% of the patients, while severe occlusion disorder were observed particularly in patients with combined mandibular body and condyle fractures (40.0%).
  • In the control group a more favorable occlusion index was found to be due mainly to the greater number of present and/or occluding teeth.
  • The Helkimo index, particularly the dysfunctionindex, is a very useful instrument for assessing the success of treatment measures in mandibular fracture cases.

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  • [Affiliation] Klinik und Poliklinik für Kiefer-Gesichts-Chirurgie der Universität Rostock.
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  • [ISSN] 0343-3137
  • [Journal-full-title] Deutsche Zeitschrift für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichts-Chirurgie
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Dtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir
  • [Language] ger
  • [Publication-type] Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] GERMANY
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3. |||||||||. 92%  Perillo L, Femminella B, Farronato D, Baccetti T, Contardo L, Perinetti G: Do malocclusion and Helkimo Index ≥ 5 correlate with body posture? J Oral Rehabil; 2011 Apr;38(4):242-52

  • [Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  • [Title] Do malocclusion and Helkimo Index ≥ 5 correlate with body posture?
  • Here, we have investigated whether malocclusal traits and having a Helkimo Index ≥ 5 show detectable correlations with body-posture alterations in children and young adults.
  • (iii) Helkimo Index ≥ 5 and (iv) malocclusion + Helkimo Index ≥ 5.
  • The only significant correlation that was seen was for the malocclusion + Helkimo Index ≥ 5 group: these subjects had a positive (worse) trunk asymmetry and a negative (better) Fukuda stepping test performance.
  • At the further multivariate analyses of each single malocclusal trait ⁄Helkimo Index ≥ 5 (irrespective of the groups), only an increased overbite showed a statistically significant association with a slightly better Fukuda stepping test performance.
  • Given the small number of significant associations seen and their limited entities, this study does not support the existence of clinically relevant correlations for malocclusal traits and Helkimo Index ≥ 5 with body posture in children and young adults.



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4. |||||||||. 88%  Nascimento LL, Amorim CF, Giannasi LC, Oliveira CS, Nacif SR, Silva Ade M, Nascimento DF, Marchini L, de Oliveira LV: Occlusal splint for sleep bruxism: an electromyographic associated to Helkimo Index evaluation. Sleep Breath; 2008 Aug;12(3):275-80

  • [Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  • [Title] Occlusal splint for sleep bruxism: an electromyographic associated to Helkimo Index evaluation.
  • This study aims to evaluate long-term effects of using an occlusal splint in patients with sleep bruxism (SB), using surface electromyography (EMG) of masseter and temporalis muscles, as well as the Helkimo Index.
  • The subjects answered the Helkimo's Index and underwent EMG before and after 60 days of occlusal splints use.
  • [MeSH-minor] Adult. Electromyography. Female. Humans. Male. Masseter Muscle / physiopathology. Severity of Illness Index. Temporal Muscle / physiopathology

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  • [Affiliation] Catholic University of Goiânia-UCG, Setor Universitário, Rua 227a 420, Goiânia, GO, Brazil, CEP 74.610-155. nascimentoll@yahoo.com.br send email
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  • [ISSN] 1520-9512
  • [Journal-full-title] Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Sleep Breath
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] Germany
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5. ||||||||.. 78%  Chen D, Meng M, Guo J, Ai X: [An assessment of Helkimo index in 88 orthodontic patients before treatment]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi; 1999 Aug;17(3):248-50

  • [Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  • [Title] [An assessment of Helkimo index in 88 orthodontic patients before treatment].
  • METHODS: The functional examination of the masticatory system was made with Helkimo index in 88 young patients with general malocclusion.
  • RESULTS: According to the dysfunction index, 50 percent of the patients was free of anamnestic dysfunction, and 44.32% and 5.68% of the patients had a mild and a severe anamnestic dysfunction respectively, 32.95 percent of patients was free of clinical dysfunction, and 51.14% and 14.77% of patients had a mild and a moderate clinical dysfunction respectively, only 1.14 percent of patients had a severe clinical dysfunction.



6. |||....... 29%  Marczewska L: [Comparison of the incidence and intensity of temporomandibular arthropathy using the Helkimo index]. Protet Stomatol; 1984 Jul-Aug;34(4):227-31

  • [Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  • [Title] [Comparison of the incidence and intensity of temporomandibular arthropathy using the Helkimo index].
  • [Transliterated title] Porównanie czestości wystepowania i nasilenia mioartropatii skroniowo-zuchwowej z zastosowaniem wskaźnika Helkimo.



7. ||........ 21%  Helkimo MI, Bailey JO Jr, Ash MM Jr: Correlations of electromyographic silent period duration and the Helkimo dysfunction index. Acta Odontol Scand; 1979;37(1):51-6

  • [Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  • [Title] Correlations of electromyographic silent period duration and the Helkimo dysfunction index.
  • Fifty-eight patients seen for consultation concerning mandibular dysfunction symptoms were examined utilizing the Helkimo index of dysfunction and electromyographic silent period recordings from masticatory muscles.
  • Several significant correlations were noted between certain variables of the dysfunction index and the duration of the silent period.
  • The mean duration of the silent period increased with increasing dysfunction index value.
  • However, the clinical significance of this correlation is not established as long as we do not know the validity of neither the dysfunction index nor the the EMG silent period duration.
  • [MeSH-minor] Adult. Clinical Trials as Topic. Electromyography. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged



8. |......... 9%  da Cunha SC, Nogueira RV, Duarte AP, Vasconcelos BC, Almeida Rde A: Analysis of helkimo and craniomandibular indexes for temporomandibular disorder diagnosis on rheumatoid arthritis patients. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol; 2007 Jan-Feb;73(1):19-26

  • [Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  • [Title] Analysis of helkimo and craniomandibular indexes for temporomandibular disorder diagnosis on rheumatoid arthritis patients.
  • AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of two indexes (Helkimo and Craniomandibular) for the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).
  • In both groups the two indexes were used.
  • It was observed that the prevalence of TMD was higher in the group with RA (98.6%-Helkimo and 87.1%-Craniomandibular) when compared to the group without the disorder (80%-Helkimo and 50%-Craniomandibular).
  • CONCLUSION: In summary, one could conclude that both indexes are capable to diagnose temporomandibular disorders in RA patients, although the Helkimo index is less accurate.
  • [MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Reproducibility of Results. Severity of Illness Index



9. |......... 6%  Sümnig W, Thomaschewski B: [The epidemiological correlations between mandibular dysfunctions and parafunctions]. Zahn Mund Kieferheilkd Zentralbl; 1990;78(3):241-5

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  • According to the Helkimo index 20.8% of the patients showed subjective symptoms and 60.2% of the patients showed objective symptoms of mandibular dysfunctions.
  • The rate of patients with parafunctions was growing with the increasing index of dysfunction.

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  • [Affiliation] Klinik und Poliklinik für Kiefer-Gesichtschirurgie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald, DDR.
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  • [ISSN] 0303-6464
  • [Journal-full-title] Zahn-, Mund-, und Kieferheilkunde mit Zentralblatt
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Zahn Mund Kieferheilkd Zentralbl
  • [Language] ger
  • [Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] GERMANY, EAST
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10. |......... 5%  Rey D, Oberti G, Baccetti T: Evaluation of temporomandibular disorders in Class III patients treated with mandibular cervical headgear and fixed appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop; 2008 Mar;133(3):379-81

  • [Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  • The Helkimo index was used to test the prevalence of TMD symptoms in the 3 groups.
  • The prevalence rates of the Helkimo index in the 3 groups were compared with the z score on proportions.
  • RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in the prevalence rates of the Helkimo index scores in the 3 groups were found (P = .367).
  • Most subjects in the 3 groups had an Helkimo index of zero (66.7%).

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  • [Affiliation] Department of Orthodontics, CES University, Medellin, Colombia.
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  • [ISSN] 1097-6752
  • [Journal-full-title] American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] United States
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